![]() In the 15th-century Britain, she was called Gwynnever in the Middle Cornish play Bewnans Ke, while the Middle English author Thomas Malory wrote her name as Gwenever or Gwenivere ( Guenever, Guenivere) in Le Morte d'Arthur. Her name is invariably Ginover ( Ginovere) in the Middle German romances by Hartmann von Aue and Ulrich von Zatzikhoven but was written Jenover by Der Pleier, and the audience of Italian romances got to know her as Ginevra ( Zenevra, Zenibra). Her many other various names appearing through the different periods and regions of medieval Europe include both Gaynour and Waynour ( Waynor) in the English poems Alliterative Morte Arthure and The Awntyrs off Arthure, Genure ( Gaynor) in the Stanzaic Morte Arthur, Guenloie in the Romanz du reis Yder, Guenore in Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt, Gwenvere ( Guennevere, Guenera, Gwenner) in the Polychronicon, and Gwendoloena ( Gwendolen) in De Ortu Waluuanii. The latter form was retained by the authors of Chrétien-influenced French prose cycles, who would use also its variants such as Genievre ( Genièvre) or Gueneure. Chronicler Gerald of Wales refers to her as Wenneuereia ( Wenneveria) and romancer Chrétien de Troyes as Guenievre ( Guenièvre). Geoffrey of Monmouth rendered it as Ganhumara ( Genhumara) in a Latinised form in his Historia Regum Britanniae, further turned into Wenhauer ( Wenhaiuer) by Layamon ( Gwenayfer in one manuscript) and into both Genoivre and Gahunmare in Wace's Roman de Brut. The name is given as Guennuuar ( Guennimar) in an early Latin text Vita Gildae. A cognate name in Modern English is Jennifer, from Cornish. Gwenhwyfach (also spelled Gwenhwyach) appears in Welsh literature as a sister of Gwenhwyfar, but Welsh scholars Melville Richards and Rachel Bromwich both dismiss this etymology (with Richards suggesting that Gwenhwyfach was a back-formation derived from an incorrect interpretation of Gwenwhy-far as Gwenhwy-fawr). Some have suggested that the name may derive from Gwenhwy-fawr, or "Gwenhwy the Great", as a contrast to Gwenhwy-fach, or "Gwenhwy the less". The original Welsh form of the name Gwenhwyfar (also Genhyuar, Gwenwyvar), which seems to be cognate with the Irish name Findabair, can be translated as "The White Enchantress" or "The White Fay/Ghost", from Proto-Celtic *Windo- "white, fair, holy" + *sēbarā "magical being" (cognate with Old Irish síabair "a spectre, phantom, supernatural being "). In some, she also features as the protagonist. In such works, usually following or inspired by Malory's telling, she is typically shown in her relationship with Lancelot. Guinevere has continued to be a popular character in many modern adaptations of the legend. From there, it went to make up much of the narrative core of Thomas Malory's seminal English compilation Le Morte d'Arthur. Such a motif had originally appeared in nascent form in Chrétien de Troyes's poem Lancelot prior to its vast expansion in the prose cycle Lancelot-Grail. In a later medieval Arthurian romance tradition from France, a prominent story arc is the queen's tragic love affair with her husband's chief knight and trusted friend, Lancelot, indirectly causing the death of Arthur and the downfall of the kingdom. The earliest datable appearance of Guinevere is in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-historical British chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae, in which she is seduced by Mordred during his ill-fated rebellion against Arthur. Many records of the legend also notably recount the story of her abduction. First mentioned in popular literature in the early 12th century, nearly 700 years after the purported times of Arthur, Guinevere has since been portrayed as everything from a villainous and opportunistic traitor to a fatally flawed but noble and virtuous lady. info) Breton: Gwenivar, Cornish: Gwynnever), also often written in Modern English as Guenevere or Guenever, was, according to Arthurian legend, an early-medieval queen of Great Britain and the wife of King Arthur.Guinevere ( / ˈ ɡ w ɪ n ɪ v ɪər/ ( listen) GWIN-iv-eer Welsh: Gwenhwyfar pronunciation ( help Varied, including Leodegrance (father) and Gwenhwyfach (sister)Įither Mordred, Yder, or Lancelot sometimes also others Guinevere watching the mortally wounded Arthur being sailed off to Avalon in Queen Guinevere by James Archer (c.
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